Ubukene buravuza ubuhuha muri France
Ubukene bukomeje kwiyongera muri France, aho umubare w’abaturage babayeho munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene wageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myaka hafi 30 ishize.
Imibare ya 2024 igaragaza ko 15.4% by’abaturage ba France babayeho munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene, ushyirwa ku 60% by’umusaruro w’amafaranga umuturage wo hagati yinjiza. Ni igipimo cyo hejuru cyane kuva mu 1996, mu gihe mu 2008 cyari kuri 12.9%.
Ibi bivuze ko abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 9.8 muri France yo ku mugabane w’u Burayi bari mu bukene, ndetse ikibazo kikaba kitakiri icya bamwe bamara igihe gito, ahubwo kigenda gihinduka ubuzima burambye ku bantu benshi.
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ubukene bumara igihe kirekire bwiyongereye cyane kuva mu myaka ya 2008–2011. Hagati ya 2021 na 2024, 7.2% by’abaturage bakomeje kuba munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene mu gihe kirekire, ibintu bigaragaza ko hari abantu benshi bigora kuva muri iki kibazo.
Abakozi na bo ntibakigizweho ingaruka nke n’ubukene. Mu 2024, abakozi bagera kuri miliyoni 2.3 bari mu bukene. Ku bantu badafite akazi, igipimo cy’ubukene cyageze kuri 36.1%, mu gihe ku bantu badakora kandi batari mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru cyari 37.6%.
Imiryango ifite abana, cyane cyane iy’ababyeyi barera abana bonyine, na yo iri mu byiciro byibasiwe cyane. Ubukene mu bana bwageze kuri 21.9%, mu gihe mu miryango y’ababyeyi barera abana bonyine bwazamutse bugera kuri 34.3%.
Iki kibazo gifitanye isano n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’amacumbi, ibiribwa n’ingufu, ndetse n’impinduka zakozwe kuri zimwe muri gahunda z’imfashanyo n’ubufasha bw’imibereho.
Ubukene kandi bugaragarira mu buryo abantu babasha cyangwa batabasha kubona ibyo bakeneye mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Abantu benshi bamaze igihe mu bukene bavuga ko batabasha kwishyura amafaranga y’ikintu gitunguranye gifite agaciro ka €1,000, gusimbuza ibikoresho byo mu rugo bishaje cyangwa kubona ibiribwa bikungahaye kuri poroteyine buri minsi ibiri.
Ikibazo cy’ubukene kiri no mu bantu bakora. Mu 2026, hafi 26% by’Abafaransa bavuga ko ubukungu bwabo bubashyira mu buzima bw’amikoro make cyangwa mu kaga ko guhungabana. Abagera kuri 40% by’abakozi bavuga ko amafaranga binjiza atabasha guhaza ibyo bakenera, mu gihe 37% bavuga ko bibagora kubona ibiribwa byujuje ubuziranenge kandi bifite intungamubiri.
Impuguke zigaragaza ko izamuka ry’ibiciro, cyane cyane iby’ingufu n’amacumbi, ari zimwe mu mpamvu zikomeye ziri gutuma ubukene bwiyongera. Hari kandi impungenge zishingiye ku ihungabana ry’isoko ry’umurimo, kwiyongera kw’imirimo itinjiriza abantu amafaranga ahagije ndetse n’impinduka zakozwe kuri gahunda z’ubwishingizi bw’abashomeri.
Nubwo France ari kimwe mu bihugu bikize ku Isi kandi gifite gahunda zitandukanye zo gufasha abaturage batishoboye, iyi mibare igaragaza ko ikibazo cy’ubukene kigenda kirushaho gukomera, cyane cyane ku miryango ifite abana, abadafite akazi ndetse n’abakozi bafite amafaranga make.
Ubukene muri France bugaragaza kandi ikibazo kigenda kirushaho kugaragara mu bihugu byinshi byateye imbere: kugira akazi cyangwa kuba mu gihugu gifite ubukungu bunini ntibihita bivuze ko buri muturage afite ubushobozi bwo kubona ibyo akeneye byose mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
