Umuyoboro wa peteroli uva i Mombasa ukagera i Kigali ushobora guhindura ubukungu bw’u Rwanda n’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba
Amasezerano aherutse gusinywa hagati y’u Rwanda, Oman na Kenya ku bijyanye no gutanga no gutwara ibikomoka kuri peteroli agaragaza ko u Rwanda ruri gutera intambwe nshya mu kubaka uburyo burambye bwo kubona peteroli no gushimangira umutekano w’ingufu.
Nubwo aya masezerano atagamije gusa koroshya itumizwa rya lisansi na mazutu, anagaragaza icyerekezo kinini cyo kubaka urunana rwizewe rwo kugeza peteroli mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, hakoreshejwe inzira iva ku Cyambu cya Mombasa igaca muri Kenya, Uganda, ikagera i Kigali.
Ku wa 29 Kamena 2026, u Rwanda na Kenya byashyize umukono ku masezerano ya Leta kuri Leta azafasha u Rwanda gutumiza peteroli nyinshi binyuze ku Cyambu cya Mombasa no ku bikorwaremezo bya Kenya Pipeline Company. Biteganyijwe ko umutwaro wa mbere uzagera mu Rwanda muri Nzeri 2026. Aya masezerano azafasha u Rwanda kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bacuruzi bigenga, rurusheho gukoresha neza inzira ya Northern Corridor, ndetse rubone uburyo buhamye bwo kugeza peteroli mu gihugu.
Aya masezerano yuzuzanya n’ayo u Rwanda rwagiranye na Oman, aho sosiyete OQ Trading izajya itanga peteroli yatunganyijwe. Ibi bivuze ko Oman izatanga peteroli, mu gihe Kenya izaba ifasha mu bikorwa byo kuyigeza mu Rwanda no mu micungire y’ibikorwaremezo biyitwara. Ubu bufatanye bwombi bugaragaza ko u Rwanda rutagishaka kuba igihugu gishingira gusa ku isoko risanzwe, ahubwo rushaka kubaka uburyo bwa Leta burinda igihugu ihungabana ry’ibiciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga cyangwa ibura rya peteroli.
Muri iki cyerekezo ni ho havuka igitekerezo cyo kubaka umuyoboro wa peteroli uva i Mombasa ugaca muri Eldoret, ukinjira muri Uganda mbere yo kugera mu Rwanda. Nubwo uyu muyoboro utarubakwa, ufatwa nk’umwe mu mishinga ishobora guhindura uburyo ibikomoka kuri peteroli bitwarwa muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Umuyoboro ushobora gutwara peteroli nyinshi kurusha amakamyo, ukagabanya amafaranga y’ubwikorezi, ukagabanya impanuka n’ibihombo, ndetse ugatuma peteroli ihora iboneka mu gihe habaye ibibazo ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Ku Rwanda rudakora ku nyanja kandi rutumiza peteroli yose ikenerwa hanze y’igihugu, uyu mushinga ushobora kuba igisubizo kirambye ku kibazo cyo kubona ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Kugabanya amafaranga yo kuyitwara bishobora kugabanya n’ikiguzi cyayo ku isoko, bikorohereza abaturage n’abashoramari, ndetse bikongera ubushobozi bw’inganda, ubuhinzi, ubwikorezi n’ibindi bikorwa by’ubukungu bushingiye ku gukoresha ingufu.
U Rwanda ruzanungukiramo no kubona uburyo buhamye bwo gutegura ububiko bwa peteroli no kugirana amasezerano y’igihe kirekire n’abafatanyabikorwa, bityo rugire ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Ibi bizanarwongerera ijambo mu biganiro birebana n’ubucuruzi bw’ingufu mu Karere.
Ntabwo u Rwanda ari rwo rwonyine ruzungukira muri uyu mushinga. Kenya izakomeza gushimangira umwanya wayo nk’irembo rikuru ry’ubucuruzi bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, binyuze ku Cyambu cya Mombasa, ububiko ndetse n’imiyoboro yayo, ibintu bizayinjiriza amafaranga menshi. Uganda na yo izungukiramo kuba igihugu gihuza Kenya n’u Rwanda, bityo ibikorwa by’ubwikorezi, ishoramari n’ubucuruzi bikomeze kwiyongera. Oman na yo izabona isoko rihamye ryo kugurishamo peteroli yayo mu gihe kirekire, mu gihe ibindi bihugu byo mu Karere nk’u Burundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo bishobora na byo kuzabona inyungu nibiramuka bikoresheje uru ruhererekane.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kubaka umuyoboro wa peteroli uhuza ibi bihugu bisaba ishoramari rinini cyane ndetse n’ubufatanye bukomeye hagati ya za Guverinoma. Hagomba kubaho kumvikana ku bijyanye n’imicungire y’umuyoboro, ibiciro byo kuwukoresha, amategeko yambukiranya imipaka, kurengera ibidukikije n’uburyo bwo kuwufata neza. Ibyo byose bituma uyu mushinga ushobora gufata imyaka mbere y’uko ushyirwa mu bikorwa.
Icyakora, amasezerano aherutse gusinywa na Oman na Kenya agaragaza ko u Rwanda rwamaze gutangira urugendo rwo kubaka dipolomasi nshya y’ingufu. Ahubwo bwo kuguma ari igihugu gitegereza ibyo isoko ritanga, ruri kubaka uburyo bw’igihe kirekire bushingiye ku masezerano ya Leta ku Leta, ku bufatanye n’abatanga peteroli bakomeye no ku kubaka inzira zizewe zo kugeza ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu gihugu.
Mu by’ukuri, aya masezerano ntabwo areba gusa igiciro cya lisansi cyangwa mazutu abaturage bishyura uyu munsi. Agaragaza uburyo u Rwanda rushaka kugira uruhare runini mu igenzura ry’urunana rwose rwo kugeza peteroli ku isoko. Niramuka umushinga w’umuyoboro wa Mombasa–Eldoret–Kampala–Kigali ushyizwe mu bikorwa, ushobora guhindura isura y’ubucuruzi bw’ingufu muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, ugatanga umutekano urambye mu itangwa rya peteroli, ugateza imbere ubukungu bw’akarere ndetse ugafasha ibihugu byinshi kugabanya ibiciro n’ingaruka ziterwa no kutagira inyanja.
