Washington: urutonde rushya rw’ ibihugu abaturage batemerewe kwinjira ku butaka bwa Amerika
Ubutegetsi bwa Washington bwatangaje ko bwaguye ingamba zo kugabanya ingendo, bwongera kuri uru rutonde ibihugu 20 n’abantu bagenda bakoresheje impapuro z’inzira zatanzwe n’Ubutegetsi bwa Palesitine (Palestinian Authority). Ibyo byatumye umubare w’ibihugu byibasiwe n’izi ngamba zikakaye, zatangajwe mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka ku bijyanye n’abemerewe kujya muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyangwa kuhatura, wikuba kabiri.
Ubuyobozi bwa Washington bwashyize ibihugu bitanu bishya ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bifite ibihano byuzuye byo kubuzwa kwinjira muri Amerika, bunashyiraho ibindi bihano bishya ku bihugu 15 byiyongera. Izo ngamba zigamije gukomeza gukaza ingamba ku binjira muri Amerika mu bijyanye n’ingendo n’abimukira, mu gihe abayinenga bavuga ko ari akarengane kabangamira abantu baturuka muri ibi bihugu byashyiriweho ibihano.
Ubuyobozi wa Washington bwatangaje ko bwari busanzwe bwarateguje ko bushobora kongera ibi bihano, nyuma y’ifatwa ry’umunya-Afghanistan ukekwaho kurasa abasirikare babiri b’igihugu (National Guard) mu mpera z’iki cyumweru.
Abantu basanzwe bafite viza, abafite uburenganzira bwo gutura muri Amerika (lawful permanent residents), abafite viza zihariye nko ku badipolomate, abakinnyi b’imikino, cyangwa abinjira bitewe n’inyungu za Amerika, bose basonewe ibi bihano.
Muri Kamena uyu mwaka, Perezida Donald Trump yari yatangaje ko abaturage b’ibihugu 12 bari kubuzwa kwinjira muri Amerika, mu gihe ibihugu 7 byari gushyirwaho ibihano byihariye. Icyo cyemezo cyasubijeho politiki yari ikomeye mu gihembwe cya mbere cya manda ye.
Icyo gihe, ibihugu byari byarashyizwe ku rutonde rwo kubuzwa burundu kwinjira muri Amerika ni: Afghanistan, Myanmar, Chad, Repubulika ya Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Haiti, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan na Yemen. Hakiyongeraho ku baturuka mu Burundi, Cuba, Laos, Sierra Leone, Togo, Turkmenistan na Venezuela.
Kuwa Kabiri, ubuyobozi bwa Repubulika bwatangaje ko rwongeye urutonde rw’ibihugu abaturage babyo babujijwe kwinjira muri Amerika burundu, hongerwamo Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, South Sudan na Syria. Kandi bwashyizeho ibihano ku bantu bafite inyandiko z’ingendo zatanzwe n’Ubuyobozi bwa Palestine, mu cyiswe igikorwa gishya cyo kubuza Abanyapalestine ingendo zijya muri Amerika. South Sudan yari isanzwe ihura n’ibihano bikomeye ku ngendo.
Hari kandi ibindi bihugu 15 byongewe ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bifite ibihano bidakomeye cyane (partial restrictions), ari byo: Angola, Antigua na Barbuda, Benin, Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Dominica, Gabon, Gambia, Malawi, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Tonga, Zambia na Zimbabwe.
Izi ngamba zireba abashaka kujya muri Amerika nk’abasura ndetse n’abashaka kwimukirayo burundu.
Ubuyobozi bwa Washington bwavuze ko ibihugu byinshi byashyizweho ibi bihano bifite ruswa ikabije, inyandiko z’abaturage zitizewe cyangwa zibeshya, ndetse n’amakuru y’abakoze ibyaha adafasha mu iperereza, bigatuma bigora Amerika gusuzuma neza abashaka kwinjira.
Bwongeyeho ko hari ibihugu bifite umubare munini w’abarenza igihe cya viza, ibindi byanga kwakira abaturage babyo Amerika ishaka kwirukana, cyangwa bifite ubuyobozi bujegajega n’umutekano mucye, bigatuma kugenzura neza abinjira bigorana. Hanavuzwe impamvu zijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko y’abimukira, politiki mpuzamahanga n’umutekano w’igihugu.
Umunya-Afghanistan ukekwaho kurasa abasirikare babiri ba mu barinda Perezida hafi ya perezidansi (White House) yahakanye ibyaha byo kwica no gukomeretsa aregwa. Nyuma y’icyo gikorwa, ubuyobozi bwatangaje izindi ngamba nyinshi zikakaye ku bijyanye n’abimukira, harimo n’ibindi bihano byongewe ku baturage b’ibihugu 19 byari bisanzwe byashyizwe ku rutonde, ndetse n’abari basanzwe baba muri Amerika.
Aya makuru ajyanye no kongera ibihano by’ingendo ateganyijwe guhura n’uruhurirane rw’abanenga aya mategeko akumira abajya muri iki gihugu, aho abayanenga bavuga ko ubuyobozi bwitwaza impamvu z’umutekano kugira ngo bwimire abantu benshi baturuka mu bihugu bitandukanye.
Laurie Ball Cooper, visi perezida ushinzwe gahunda z’amategeko mu mushinga mpuzamahanga ufasha abimukira (International Refugee Assistance Project), yagize ati: “Ibi bihano byafashwe ntibishingiye ku mutekano w’igihugu, ahubwo ni indi nzira iteye isoni yo gushinja no gutesha agaciro abantu bitewe n’aho bakomoka.”
Abaharanira uburenganzira bw’Abanyafaganisitani bafashije Amerika mu ntambara yamaze imyaka 20 muri Afaganisitani na bo bagaragaje impungenge, bavuga ko ibi bihano bishya bitagifite icyuho cyihariye cyahabwaga aturutse muri iki gihugu bemererwa Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) viza ihabwa abari barafashije Amerika bya hafi mu ntambara, bagashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga.
Ishami No One Left Behind, rimaze igihe riharanira iyi gahunda ya SIV, ryavuze ko ribabajwe cyane n’iri hinduka. Ryashimiye Perezida ku byo yiyemeje ku bijyanye n’umutekano, ariko ryongeraho ko kwemerera Abanyafaganisitani bakoreye Amerika kwinjira, nyuma y’iperereza rikomeye, na byo byongera umutekano wa Amerika.
Mu itangazo ryaryo, ryagize riti: “Nubwo iyi politiki igamije gusuzuma uburyo butajyanye mu kugenzura abinjira, ku bw’amakosa ihagarika abantu bagenzuwe cyane kurusha abandi bose mu mateka yacu: abafatanyabikorwa b’intambara, ari na bo iterabwoba rishaka kwibasira.”
Ibihugu byashyizwe ku rutonde rushya byatangaje ko biri gusuzuma ayo makuru. Leta ya Dominica, ikirwa kiri mu nyanja ya Karayibe, yavuze ko iri gufata iki kibazo nk’icyihutirwa kandi gikomeye, kandi iri kuvugana n’abayobozi ba Amerika kugira ngo basobanukirwe neza ingaruka z’izi ngamba.
Ambasaderi wa Antigua na Barbuda muri Amerika, Ronald Saunders, yavuze ko “iki kibazo gikomeye cyane” kandi ko agiye gushaka amakuru arambuye ku bayobozi ba Amerika.
Ubuyobozi bwa Washington bwongeye kandi gukaza ibihano ku bihugu bimwe byari bisanzwe bifite ibihano bidakomeye, birimo Laos na Sierra Leone, mu gihe ku gihugu kimwe Turikimenisitani bwavuze ko cyateye imbere bihagije ku buryo hari ibihano byoroshywe ku bagenzi bagiturukamo. Ibindi byose byari byatangajwe muri Kamena bigumyeho uko byari bimeze.
Ibi bihano bishya ku Banya-Palestine bije amezi make nyuma y’uko ubuyobozi bushyizeho izindi ngamba zatumye bigorana cyane ku muntu wese ufite pasiporo yatanzwe n’Ubuyobozi bwa Palestine kubona ibyangombwa byo kujya muri Amerika ku mpamvu z’ubucuruzi, akazi, ubukerarugendo cyangwa kwiga. Itangazo ryo ku wa Kabiri ryarenzeho, ribabuza no kwimukira muri Amerika burundu.
Mu gusobanura impamvu z’iki cyemezo, ubuyobozi bwavuze ko amatsinda y’iterabwoba yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa Amerika akorera cyane muri West Bank cyangwa Gaza, kandi ko yishe Abanyamerika. Bwongeyeho ko intambara iherutse muri ibyo bice ishobora kuba yaragize ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo kugenzura no gusuzuma neza abashaka kwinjira.
